Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Repair: Overview and Recovery
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair is a surgery that restores stability to a knee joint affected by a torn ACL. The ACL is a crucial ligament in the knee, preventing the joint from sliding forward. ACL injuries are common in sports that involve sudden stops, jumps, or changes in direction, such as soccer, basketball, and skiing.
Who Benefits from ACL Repair?
ACL repair is recommended for individuals who have suffered an ACL tear, especially athletes or those with physically demanding jobs. The injury often occurs during high-impact sports where the knee twists or hyperextends. Symptoms of an ACL tear include a “popping” sound, severe pain, swelling, and knee instability. Without repair, the knee may continue to give out, leading to further damage to other knee structures.
The ACL Repair Procedure
Surgeons typically perform ACL repair arthroscopically, which involves smaller incisions and quicker recovery. The procedure begins with spinal or general anesthesia. The surgeon makes small incisions around the knee and introduces a saline solution to clear the area. An arthroscope, a thin tube with a camera, allows the surgeon to view the knee’s interior.
The surgeon drills small holes into the upper and lower leg bones to anchor the graft. They then thread the tissue graft, taken from the patient or a donor, through these holes and secure it with screws or staples. Any additional knee damage is usually repaired during the same procedure. Finally, the surgeon closes and bandages the incisions.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
After surgery, patients receive a knee brace and crutches. A physical therapist guides them through exercises to restore knee mobility and strength. Recovery time varies based on lifestyle, age, and injury severity. Most people can return to work within two weeks. However, sports and other demanding activities may require several months of rehabilitation.
Risks and Considerations
ACL repair surgery is generally successful but does carry some risks. These include infection, bleeding, knee stiffness, scarring, and potential graft failure. Following the surgeon’s and physiotherapist’s advice closely is crucial for a successful recovery.
In conclusion, ACL repair is essential for restoring knee stability and function, especially for those who lead active lifestyles. With proper care and rehabilitation, most patients can return to their pre-injury activities.
